Linux系統磁盤擴容

在控制臺添加完磁盤后，

添加分區

重新啟動系統后，執行以下操作

磁盤分區

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): m
Command action
  a   toggle a bootable flag
  b   edit bsd disklabel
  c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
  d   delete a partition
  g   create a new empty GPT partition table
  G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
  l   list known partition types
  m   print this menu
  n   add a new partition
  o   create a new empty DOS partition table
  p   print the partition table
  q   quit without saving changes
  s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
  t   change a partition's system id
  u   change display/entry units
  v   verify the partition table
  w   write table to disk and exit
  x   extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
  p   primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
  e   extended
Select (default e): p
Selected partition 4
First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040):
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079):
Using default value 83886079
Partition 4 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

查看新的磁盤分區類型

修改磁盤分區類型

通過fdisk -l 查看到/dev/sdb3的分區Id為8e,所以，/dev/vdb4的id也修改與其一致。

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4, default 4):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

查看修改后分區類型

磁盤擴容

重啟系統后，開始擴充分區

• 查看磁盤分區卷組

擴展邏輯卷

• 創建物理卷

[root@oracle ~]# pvcreate  /dev/sda4
  Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

如果出現 “Device /dev/sda4 not found."
可以使用 partprobe 命令使系統獲知新的分區表的情況

[root@oracle ~]# partprobe
Warning: 無法以讀寫方式打開 /dev/sr0 (只讀文件系統)。/dev/sr0 已按照只讀方式打開。
[root@oracle ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda4
Physical volume "/dev/sda4" successfully created.

• 擴充卷組

[root@oracle ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda4
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
 
 [root@oracle ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               38.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              9982
  Alloc PE / Size       4863 / <19.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       5119 / <20.00 GiB
  VG UUID               gp2KXC-VUTG-0C01-aAed-31UC-HkVO-qi3gus

• 擴充邏輯卷

[root@oracle ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root /dev/sda4
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <18.00 GiB (4607 extents) to <36.50 GiB (9343 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

修改文件系統大小

• 查看文件系統類型

[root@oracle ~]# df -Th
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        37G   14G   24G  37% /
devtmpfs                devtmpfs  898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                   tmpfs     910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2               xfs      1014M  148M  867M  15% /boot
tmpfs                   tmpfs     182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/0

• 修改文件系統大小

[root@oracle ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1179392 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4717568, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4717568 to 9567232

注：如果文件系統是ext4,使用resize2fs修改文件系統大小。

擴容完畢！

通過以上一系列嚴謹且細致的操作，Linux 系統磁盤成功實現擴容。這一過程不僅能提升系統的存儲能力，還可以為后續的應用運行和數據存儲提供了更充足的空間，確保系統能夠穩定、高效地滿足日益增長的業務需求。

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